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ASD's 2023–24 Annual Cyber Threat Report presents a national assessment of Australia's cyber threat environment: persistent state-sponsored pre-positioning and espionage (including LOTL and cloud-focused tradecraft), widespread cybercrime (ransomware, BEC, fraud), supply-chain and OT risks, notable incidents and advisories (Medibank data theft, Citrix Bleed, PAN-OS), operational statistics (over 1,100 incidents responded to, ~36,700 hotline calls) and prioritized mitigations (Essential Eight, phishing‑resistant MFA, Secure‑by‑Design, CTIS/partnership programs). The report emphasises cross-sector collaboration, intelligence sharing and proactive reporting to build resilience.